In-depth practice of deductive reasoning variations
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Thorough understanding of conclusion drawing
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Worksheet 29 of 30 (96% complete)
Question 1
Statement: Companies that invest in R&D usually outperform their competitors. XYZ Corp has doubled its R&D budget this year.
What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'XYZ Corp will likely outperform competitors' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
Question 2
Statement: Most people who exercise regularly live longer. Most people who eat healthy food live longer. Tom exercises regularly and eats healthy food.
What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'Tom will likely live longer than average' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
Question 3
Statement: All birds have wings. Sparrows are birds.
Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'Sparrows have wings' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
Question 4
Premises: All managers are leaders. Some leaders are innovative. No innovative person is conservative.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some managers are not conservative' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 5
Given: In a survey of 1000 people: 600 own cars, 400 own motorcycles, 200 own both cars and motorcycles. 100 people own neither.
What conclusion can be drawn?
Using set theory and logical deduction from the given numbers, '800 people own at least one vehicle' is the accurate conclusion.
Question 6
Premises: If it's raining, the ground is wet. The ground is not wet.
Statement: It is not raining
Based only on the premises, is this statement:
Must be true — If it were raining, ground would be wet (modus tollens)
Question 7
Statements: All cats are independent. Some cats are very social and need constant companionship. Fluffy is a cat who loves being around people all the time.
What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements contain contradictory information' the most logical conclusion.
Question 8
Statement: If the interest rates rise, then housing prices will fall. If housing prices fall, then construction activity will decrease. Interest rates are expected to rise next month.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Construction activity will decrease next month' is the logical conclusion.
Question 9
Statement: All students in this class passed the exam. John is in this class.
Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'John passed the exam' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
Question 10
Premises: No politician is honest. All honest people are trusted. Some trusted people are wealthy.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'No politician is trusted' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 11
Statement: If the interest rates rise, then housing prices will fall. If housing prices fall, then construction activity will decrease. Interest rates are expected to rise next month.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Construction activity will decrease next month' is the logical conclusion.
Question 12
Premises: All books in this library are catalogued. Some catalogued items are digital. All digital items are searchable.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some books are searchable' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 13
Statement: Most people who exercise regularly live longer. Most people who eat healthy food live longer. Tom exercises regularly and eats healthy food.
What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'Tom will likely live longer than average' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
Question 14
Statements: All employees must work from office. The company policy allows flexible remote work. John works entirely from home and follows company policy.
What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'There's a contradiction in the policies' the most logical conclusion.
Question 15
Premises: All managers are leaders. Some leaders are innovative. No innovative person is conservative.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some managers are not conservative' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 16
Statement: No metal is transparent. Glass is transparent.
Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'Glass is not metal' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
Question 17
Statement: 90% of students who attend all classes pass the exam. Sarah attended all classes.
What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'Sarah will likely pass the exam' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
Question 18
Statement: Some doctors are researchers. All researchers publish papers.
Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'Some doctors publish papers' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
Question 19
Premises: In a study of 10,000 people, 95% who exercised daily reported better sleep. 80% who exercised 3-4 times weekly reported better sleep. 30% who exercised rarely reported better sleep. Sarah exercises 5 times per week.
1. Sarah definitely has better sleep than someone who never exercises
2. Sarah is more likely to have better sleep than the average person
3. Exercise improves sleep quality for most people
Which conclusion is the WEAKEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The weakest conclusion is: 'Sarah definitely has better sleep than someone who never exercises' because Correlation doesn't guarantee individual outcomes; individual variation exists.
Question 20
Statement: If the interest rates rise, then housing prices will fall. If housing prices fall, then construction activity will decrease. Interest rates are expected to rise next month.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Construction activity will decrease next month' is the logical conclusion.
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