Question 1
Statements:
Only scientists are lawyers.
All lawyers are pilots.
Conclusions:
I. All scientists are pilots.
II. Some pilots are scientists.
Understanding 'Only' Statement:
"Only scientists are lawyers" means "All lawyers are scientists" (reversal!)
Conversion:
Original: Only scientists are lawyers
Converted: All lawyers are scientists
Venn Diagram:
Step 1: "All lawyers are scientists" → lawyers inside scientists
Step 2: "All lawyers are pilots" → lawyers inside pilots
Step 3: lawyers inside both scientists and pilots
Checking Conclusions:
✗ Conclusion I: "All scientists are pilots"
We only know lawyers is inside both - scientists could be larger - DOES NOT FOLLOW
✓ Conclusion II: "Some pilots are scientists"
All lawyers are scientists and all lawyers are pilots
The lawyers portion is common to both - FOLLOWS
Answer: Only conclusion II follows
"Only scientists are lawyers" means "All lawyers are scientists" (reversal!)
Conversion:
Original: Only scientists are lawyers
Converted: All lawyers are scientists
Venn Diagram:
Step 1: "All lawyers are scientists" → lawyers inside scientists
Step 2: "All lawyers are pilots" → lawyers inside pilots
Step 3: lawyers inside both scientists and pilots
Checking Conclusions:
✗ Conclusion I: "All scientists are pilots"
We only know lawyers is inside both - scientists could be larger - DOES NOT FOLLOW
✓ Conclusion II: "Some pilots are scientists"
All lawyers are scientists and all lawyers are pilots
The lawyers portion is common to both - FOLLOWS
Answer: Only conclusion II follows