Question 1
Statements:
All rare are efficient.
All efficient are durable.
Conclusions:
I. All rare are durable.
II. Some durable are rare.
Venn Diagram Method:
Draw three circles for rare, efficient, and durable.
Step 1: "All rare are efficient" → Circle of rare completely inside efficient
Step 2: "All efficient are durable" → Circle of efficient completely inside durable
Step 3: Result: rare ⊂ efficient ⊂ durable
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All rare are efficient (A) + All efficient are durable (A) = All rare are durable (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All rare are durable" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some durable are rare" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow
Draw three circles for rare, efficient, and durable.
Step 1: "All rare are efficient" → Circle of rare completely inside efficient
Step 2: "All efficient are durable" → Circle of efficient completely inside durable
Step 3: Result: rare ⊂ efficient ⊂ durable
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All rare are efficient (A) + All efficient are durable (A) = All rare are durable (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All rare are durable" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some durable are rare" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow