Question 1
Statements:
All nurses are scientists.
All scientists are architects.
Conclusions:
I. All nurses are architects.
II. Some architects are nurses.
Venn Diagram Method:
Draw three circles for nurses, scientists, and architects.
Step 1: "All nurses are scientists" → Circle of nurses completely inside scientists
Step 2: "All scientists are architects" → Circle of scientists completely inside architects
Step 3: Result: nurses ⊂ scientists ⊂ architects
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All nurses are scientists (A) + All scientists are architects (A) = All nurses are architects (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All nurses are architects" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some architects are nurses" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow
Draw three circles for nurses, scientists, and architects.
Step 1: "All nurses are scientists" → Circle of nurses completely inside scientists
Step 2: "All scientists are architects" → Circle of scientists completely inside architects
Step 3: Result: nurses ⊂ scientists ⊂ architects
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All nurses are scientists (A) + All scientists are architects (A) = All nurses are architects (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All nurses are architects" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some architects are nurses" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow