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Statement-Conclusion - Intermediate-Advanced Level: necessary conclusions INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED

This fundamentals focus worksheet contains 20 intermediate-advanced-level statement-conclusion problems. Worksheet 21 of 30 focuses on necessary conclusions. Practice possible conclusions, conclusion validity, logical entailment with our step-by-step solutions. Difficulty: advanced concepts with increasing complexity. Recommended for advanced developing learners.

📝 Worksheet 21 of 30 • 20 questions • ⏱️ Estimated time: 20 minutes • 🎯 Intermediate-advanced level

What you'll learn in this worksheet:
Your progress through Statement-Conclusion
Worksheet 21 of 30 (70% complete)

Question 1

Statement: If the interest rates rise, then housing prices will fall. If housing prices fall, then construction activity will decrease. Interest rates are expected to rise next month. What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Construction activity will decrease next month' is the logical conclusion.
conclusion, conditional, chain-reasoning

Question 2

Given: Of 200 job applicants: 120 have experience, 80 have certifications, 50 have both experience and certifications. 30 have neither. What conclusion can be drawn?
Using set theory and logical deduction from the given numbers, '170 applicants have at least one qualification' is the accurate conclusion.
conclusion, quantitative, set-theory

Question 3

Premises: All mammals have hair. Whales are mammals. Dolphins are mammals. Bats are mammals. Some mammals live in water. Some mammals fly. 1. Whales have hair 2. All animals with hair are mammals 3. Some flying animals are mammals Which conclusion is the WEAKEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The weakest conclusion is: 'All animals with hair are mammals' because The premises don't state this; other animals (e.g., some reptiles) could have hair.
conclusion, ranking, strength, support

Question 4

Premises: If interest rates rise, bond prices fall. If bond prices fall, investors lose money. The Federal Reserve announced a rate hike yesterday. Bond prices dropped 5% today. 1. The rate hike caused bond prices to drop 2. Some investors lost money today 3. All investors lost money Which conclusion is the WEAKEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The weakest conclusion is: 'All investors lost money' because Only bond investors lost money; other investments may have gained.
conclusion, ranking, strength, support

Question 5

Statements: No student failed the test. Everyone who didn't study failed the test. Some students didn't study for the test. What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements are logically inconsistent' the most logical conclusion.
conclusion, contradiction, logic

Question 6

Statement: If unemployment rises, consumer spending decreases. If consumer spending decreases, GDP growth slows. If GDP growth slows, government revenue falls. Unemployment has increased significantly. What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Government revenue will fall' is the logical conclusion.
conclusion, conditional, chain-reasoning

Question 7

Statement: Most people who exercise regularly live longer. Most people who eat healthy food live longer. Tom exercises regularly and eats healthy food. What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'Tom will likely live longer than average' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
conclusion, probability, likelihood

Question 8

Statement: No metal is transparent. Glass is transparent. Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'Glass is not metal' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
conclusion, direct, logic

Question 9

Statement: If the new policy is implemented, efficiency will improve. If efficiency improves, costs will decrease. If costs decrease, profits will increase. The company has decided to implement the new policy. What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Company profits will increase' is the logical conclusion.
conclusion, conditional, chain-reasoning

Question 10

Statement: No metal is transparent. Glass is transparent. Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'Glass is not metal' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
conclusion, direct, logic

Question 11

Statement: Companies that invest in R&D usually outperform their competitors. XYZ Corp has doubled its R&D budget this year. What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'XYZ Corp will likely outperform competitors' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
conclusion, probability, likelihood

Question 12

Premises: No politician is honest. All honest people are trusted. Some trusted people are wealthy. Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'No politician is trusted' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
conclusion, syllogism, premises

Question 13

Premises: All managers are leaders. Some leaders are innovative. No innovative person is conservative. Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some managers are not conservative' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
conclusion, syllogism, premises

Question 14

Premises: All books in this library are catalogued. Some catalogued items are digital. All digital items are searchable. Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some books are searchable' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
conclusion, syllogism, premises

Question 15

Statements: No student failed the test. Everyone who didn't study failed the test. Some students didn't study for the test. What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements are logically inconsistent' the most logical conclusion.
conclusion, contradiction, logic

Question 16

Statements: All cats are independent. Some cats are very social and need constant companionship. Fluffy is a cat who loves being around people all the time. What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements contain contradictory information' the most logical conclusion.
conclusion, contradiction, logic

Question 17

Given: Of 200 job applicants: 120 have experience, 80 have certifications, 50 have both experience and certifications. 30 have neither. What conclusion can be drawn?
Using set theory and logical deduction from the given numbers, '170 applicants have at least one qualification' is the accurate conclusion.
conclusion, quantitative, set-theory

Question 18

Given: Of 200 job applicants: 120 have experience, 80 have certifications, 50 have both experience and certifications. 30 have neither. What conclusion can be drawn?
Using set theory and logical deduction from the given numbers, '170 applicants have at least one qualification' is the accurate conclusion.
conclusion, quantitative, set-theory

Question 19

Premises: All mammals have hair. Whales are mammals. Dolphins are mammals. Bats are mammals. Some mammals live in water. Some mammals fly. 1. Whales have hair 2. All animals with hair are mammals 3. Some flying animals are mammals Which conclusion is the WEAKEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The weakest conclusion is: 'All animals with hair are mammals' because The premises don't state this; other animals (e.g., some reptiles) could have hair.
conclusion, ranking, strength, support

Question 20

Statements: No student failed the test. Everyone who didn't study failed the test. Some students didn't study for the test. What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements are logically inconsistent' the most logical conclusion.
conclusion, contradiction, logic
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