Develop analytical thinking for deductive reasoning problems
Learn step-by-step race against clock approaches
Understand the logic behind conclusion drawing solutions
Apply critical thinking to conclusion validity challenges
Your progress through Statement-Conclusion
Worksheet 8 of 30 (26% complete)
Question 1
Premises: If it's raining, the ground is wet. The ground is not wet.
Statement: Someone watered the lawn
Based only on the premises, is this statement:
Could be true — Ground could be wet from other causes, but it's not wet, so unlikely
Question 2
Premises: All managers are leaders. Some leaders are innovative. No innovative person is conservative.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some managers are not conservative' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 3
Statement: 90% of students who attend all classes pass the exam. Sarah attended all classes.
What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'Sarah will likely pass the exam' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
Question 4
Premises: All mammals have hair. Whales are mammals. Dolphins are mammals. Bats are mammals. Some mammals live in water. Some mammals fly.
1. Whales have hair
2. All animals with hair are mammals
3. Some flying animals are mammals
Which conclusion is the WEAKEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The weakest conclusion is: 'All animals with hair are mammals' because The premises don't state this; other animals (e.g., some reptiles) could have hair.
Question 5
Statement: Companies that invest in R&D usually outperform their competitors. XYZ Corp has doubled its R&D budget this year.
What is the most reasonable conclusion?
Given the probabilistic nature of the statement, 'XYZ Corp will likely outperform competitors' is the most reasonable conclusion without overstating certainty.
Question 6
Statements: All employees must work from office. The company policy allows flexible remote work. John works entirely from home and follows company policy.
What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'There's a contradiction in the policies' the most logical conclusion.
Question 7
Statement: If the new policy is implemented, efficiency will improve. If efficiency improves, costs will decrease. If costs decrease, profits will increase. The company has decided to implement the new policy.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Company profits will increase' is the logical conclusion.
Question 8
Statement: If the interest rates rise, then housing prices will fall. If housing prices fall, then construction activity will decrease. Interest rates are expected to rise next month.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Construction activity will decrease next month' is the logical conclusion.
Question 9
Premises: All mammals have hair. Whales are mammals. Dolphins are mammals. Bats are mammals. Some mammals live in water. Some mammals fly.
1. Whales have hair
2. All animals with hair are mammals
3. Some flying animals are mammals
Which conclusion is the WEAKEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The weakest conclusion is: 'All animals with hair are mammals' because The premises don't state this; other animals (e.g., some reptiles) could have hair.
Question 10
Statements: No student failed the test. Everyone who didn't study failed the test. Some students didn't study for the test.
What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements are logically inconsistent' the most logical conclusion.
Question 11
Premises: All mammals have hair. Whales are mammals. Dolphins are mammals. Bats are mammals. Some mammals live in water. Some mammals fly.
1. Whales have hair
2. All animals with hair are mammals
3. Some flying animals are mammals
Which conclusion is the STRONGEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The strongest conclusion is: 'Whales have hair' because Direct categorical syllogism: all mammals have hair, whales are mammals.
Question 12
Premises: Some doctors are researchers. No researchers are lazy. All lazy people are unhappy.
Statement: No doctors are lazy
Based only on the premises, is this statement:
Could be true — We only know some doctors aren't lazy; others might be
Question 13
Statements: No student failed the test. Everyone who didn't study failed the test. Some students didn't study for the test.
What can be concluded?
The statements present contradictory information, making 'The statements are logically inconsistent' the most logical conclusion.
Question 14
Premises: All students who passed the exam studied at least 10 hours. John studied 15 hours. Mary studied 5 hours. Sarah studied 10 hours exactly.
Statement: No one who studied less than 10 hours passed
Based only on the premises, is this statement:
Must be true — This is exactly what the premise states (contrapositive)
Question 15
Statement: If unemployment rises, consumer spending decreases. If consumer spending decreases, GDP growth slows. If GDP growth slows, government revenue falls. Unemployment has increased significantly.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Government revenue will fall' is the logical conclusion.
Question 16
Premises: In a study of 10,000 people, 95% who exercised daily reported better sleep. 80% who exercised 3-4 times weekly reported better sleep. 30% who exercised rarely reported better sleep. Sarah exercises 5 times per week.
1. Sarah definitely has better sleep than someone who never exercises
2. Sarah is more likely to have better sleep than the average person
3. Exercise improves sleep quality for most people
Which conclusion is the STRONGEST (most/least strongly supported by the premises)?
The strongest conclusion is: 'Exercise improves sleep quality for most people' because Large study shows clear dose-response relationship across population.
Question 17
Premises: All books in this library are catalogued. Some catalogued items are digital. All digital items are searchable.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some books are searchable' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 18
Premises: All books in this library are catalogued. Some catalogued items are digital. All digital items are searchable.
Which conclusion can be drawn with certainty?
Following the logical chain from the premises, 'Some books are searchable' is the only conclusion that can be drawn with certainty.
Question 19
Statement: All students in this class passed the exam. John is in this class.
Which conclusion logically follows?
Based on the given statements, 'John passed the exam' is the only conclusion that logically follows without making additional assumptions.
Question 20
Statement: If unemployment rises, consumer spending decreases. If consumer spending decreases, GDP growth slows. If GDP growth slows, government revenue falls. Unemployment has increased significantly.
What can be concluded?
Following the chain of conditional logic (if-then statements), 'Government revenue will fall' is the logical conclusion.
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