Question 1
Statements:
Only essential are durable.
All durable are beautiful.
Conclusions:
I. All essential are beautiful.
II. Some beautiful are essential.
Understanding 'Only' Statement:
"Only essential are durable" means "All durable are essential" (reversal!)
Conversion:
Original: Only essential are durable
Converted: All durable are essential
Venn Diagram:
Step 1: "All durable are essential" → durable inside essential
Step 2: "All durable are beautiful" → durable inside beautiful
Step 3: durable inside both essential and beautiful
Checking Conclusions:
✗ Conclusion I: "All essential are beautiful"
We only know durable is inside both - essential could be larger - DOES NOT FOLLOW
✓ Conclusion II: "Some beautiful are essential"
All durable are essential and all durable are beautiful
The durable portion is common to both - FOLLOWS
Answer: Only conclusion II follows
"Only essential are durable" means "All durable are essential" (reversal!)
Conversion:
Original: Only essential are durable
Converted: All durable are essential
Venn Diagram:
Step 1: "All durable are essential" → durable inside essential
Step 2: "All durable are beautiful" → durable inside beautiful
Step 3: durable inside both essential and beautiful
Checking Conclusions:
✗ Conclusion I: "All essential are beautiful"
We only know durable is inside both - essential could be larger - DOES NOT FOLLOW
✓ Conclusion II: "Some beautiful are essential"
All durable are essential and all durable are beautiful
The durable portion is common to both - FOLLOWS
Answer: Only conclusion II follows