Question 1
Statements:
No structures is a systems.
All processes are systems.
Conclusions:
I. No systems is a structures.
II. No processes is a structures.
III. Some systems are not structures.
Immediate vs Mediate Inference:
Immediate Inference: Direct conversion from one statement
Mediate Inference: Deduction requiring multiple statements
Checking Each Conclusion:
✓ Conclusion I: "No systems is a structures" - IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
Conversion of "No structures is a systems" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "No processes is a structures" - MEDIATE INFERENCE
All C are B (A) + No B is A (E) = A + E = E - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some systems are not structures" - IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
From "No A is B", definitely some B are not A - FOLLOWS
Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow
Immediate Inference: Direct conversion from one statement
Mediate Inference: Deduction requiring multiple statements
Checking Each Conclusion:
✓ Conclusion I: "No systems is a structures" - IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
Conversion of "No structures is a systems" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "No processes is a structures" - MEDIATE INFERENCE
All C are B (A) + No B is A (E) = A + E = E - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some systems are not structures" - IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
From "No A is B", definitely some B are not A - FOLLOWS
Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow