Linear Single Row South Facing - Expert Level: conceptual clarity Linear Single Row South Facing EXPERT

This skill evaluation ⚡ worksheet focuses on Linear Single Row South Facing - a key topic in Seating Arrangement. You'll solve 20 expert-level problems (Worksheet 9 of 10). The primary focus is on conceptual clarity. Master linear single row south facing ssc cgl, linear single row south facing reasoning tricks, and fast linear single row south facing solving through systematic practice.

📝 Worksheet 9 of 10 • 20 questions • ⏱️ Estimated time: 20 minutes • 🎯 Expert level

What you'll learn in this worksheet:

Master linear single row south facing ssc cgl through focused practice
Understand the logic behind linear single row south facing reasoning tricks
Learn step-by-step approaches to conceptual clarity
Develop intuition for instant problem recognition
Achieve mastery with the most difficult problem types

Your progress through Linear Single Row South Facing

Worksheet 9 of 10 (88% complete)

Question 1

Five friends P, Q, T, S and R are sitting in a row facing South. P sits at the right extreme end. Q sits second to the right of T. R sits immediately to the right of T (from viewer's perspective). S is not adjacent to P. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- P at the right extreme end → Position 5
- Q sits second to the right of T:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[Q] = pos[T] - 2
Possible: T=3→Q=1, or T=4→Q=2
- R sits immediately to the right of T (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[T] + 1
If T=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If T=4 → R=5 = P ✗ (conflict)
∴ T=3, Q=1, R=4

Position: Q _ T R P

Step 4: Apply constraint
- S not adjacent to P (pos 5): S ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → S at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: Q S T R P

Verification:
✓ P at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ Q second to right of T: pos[Q](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[T] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of T (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ S not adjacent to P (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: Q sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 2

Five friends T, R, S, P and Q are sitting in a row facing South. T sits at the right extreme end. R sits second to the right of S. Q sits immediately to the right of S (from viewer's perspective). P is not adjacent to T. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- T at the right extreme end → Position 5
- R sits second to the right of S:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[R] = pos[S] - 2
Possible: S=3→R=1, or S=4→R=2
- Q sits immediately to the right of S (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[Q] = pos[S] + 1
If S=3 → Q=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If S=4 → Q=5 = T ✗ (conflict)
∴ S=3, R=1, Q=4

Position: R _ S Q T

Step 4: Apply constraint
- P not adjacent to T (pos 5): P ≠ pos 4 (taken by Q) → P at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: R P S Q T

Verification:
✓ T at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ R second to right of S: pos[R](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[S] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ Q immediately right of S (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ P not adjacent to T (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: R sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 3

Five friends S, Q, P, R and T are sitting in a row facing South. S sits at the right extreme end. Q sits second to the right of P. T sits immediately to the right of P (from viewer's perspective). R is not adjacent to S. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- S at the right extreme end → Position 5
- Q sits second to the right of P:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[Q] = pos[P] - 2
Possible: P=3→Q=1, or P=4→Q=2
- T sits immediately to the right of P (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[T] = pos[P] + 1
If P=3 → T=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If P=4 → T=5 = S ✗ (conflict)
∴ P=3, Q=1, T=4

Position: Q _ P T S

Step 4: Apply constraint
- R not adjacent to S (pos 5): R ≠ pos 4 (taken by T) → R at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: Q R P T S

Verification:
✓ S at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ Q second to right of P: pos[Q](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[P] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ T immediately right of P (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ R not adjacent to S (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: Q sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 4

Five friends S, R, Q, T and P are sitting in a row facing South. S sits at the right extreme end. R sits second to the right of Q. P sits immediately to the right of Q (from viewer's perspective). T is not adjacent to S. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- S at the right extreme end → Position 5
- R sits second to the right of Q:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[R] = pos[Q] - 2
Possible: Q=3→R=1, or Q=4→R=2
- P sits immediately to the right of Q (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[P] = pos[Q] + 1
If Q=3 → P=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If Q=4 → P=5 = S ✗ (conflict)
∴ Q=3, R=1, P=4

Position: R _ Q P S

Step 4: Apply constraint
- T not adjacent to S (pos 5): T ≠ pos 4 (taken by P) → T at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: R T Q P S

Verification:
✓ S at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ R second to right of Q: pos[R](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[Q] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ P immediately right of Q (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ T not adjacent to S (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: R sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 5

Five friends T, Q, R, S and P are sitting in a row facing South. T sits at the right extreme end. Q sits second to the right of R. P sits immediately to the right of R (from viewer's perspective). S is not adjacent to T. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- T at the right extreme end → Position 5
- Q sits second to the right of R:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[Q] = pos[R] - 2
Possible: R=3→Q=1, or R=4→Q=2
- P sits immediately to the right of R (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[P] = pos[R] + 1
If R=3 → P=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If R=4 → P=5 = T ✗ (conflict)
∴ R=3, Q=1, P=4

Position: Q _ R P T

Step 4: Apply constraint
- S not adjacent to T (pos 5): S ≠ pos 4 (taken by P) → S at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: Q S R P T

Verification:
✓ T at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ Q second to right of R: pos[Q](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[R] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ P immediately right of R (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ S not adjacent to T (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: Q sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 6

Five friends S, T, R, P and Q are sitting in a row facing South. S sits at the right extreme end. T sits second to the right of R. Q sits immediately to the right of R (from viewer's perspective). P is not adjacent to S. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- S at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of R:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[R] - 2
Possible: R=3→T=1, or R=4→T=2
- Q sits immediately to the right of R (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[Q] = pos[R] + 1
If R=3 → Q=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If R=4 → Q=5 = S ✗ (conflict)
∴ R=3, T=1, Q=4

Position: T _ R Q S

Step 4: Apply constraint
- P not adjacent to S (pos 5): P ≠ pos 4 (taken by Q) → P at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T P R Q S

Verification:
✓ S at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of R: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[R] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ Q immediately right of R (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ P not adjacent to S (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 7

Five friends P, T, R, Q and S are sitting in a row facing South. P sits at the right extreme end. T sits second to the right of R. S sits immediately to the right of R (from viewer's perspective). Q is not adjacent to P. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- P at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of R:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[R] - 2
Possible: R=3→T=1, or R=4→T=2
- S sits immediately to the right of R (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[S] = pos[R] + 1
If R=3 → S=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If R=4 → S=5 = P ✗ (conflict)
∴ R=3, T=1, S=4

Position: T _ R S P

Step 4: Apply constraint
- Q not adjacent to P (pos 5): Q ≠ pos 4 (taken by S) → Q at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T Q R S P

Verification:
✓ P at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of R: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[R] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ S immediately right of R (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ Q not adjacent to P (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 8

Five friends R, T, S, Q and P are sitting in a row facing South. R sits at the right extreme end. T sits second to the right of S. P sits immediately to the right of S (from viewer's perspective). Q is not adjacent to R. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- R at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of S:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[S] - 2
Possible: S=3→T=1, or S=4→T=2
- P sits immediately to the right of S (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[P] = pos[S] + 1
If S=3 → P=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If S=4 → P=5 = R ✗ (conflict)
∴ S=3, T=1, P=4

Position: T _ S P R

Step 4: Apply constraint
- Q not adjacent to R (pos 5): Q ≠ pos 4 (taken by P) → Q at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T Q S P R

Verification:
✓ R at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of S: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[S] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ P immediately right of S (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ Q not adjacent to R (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 9

Five friends P, Q, R, T and S are sitting in a row facing South. P sits at the right extreme end. Q sits second to the right of R. S sits immediately to the right of R (from viewer's perspective). T is not adjacent to P. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- P at the right extreme end → Position 5
- Q sits second to the right of R:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[Q] = pos[R] - 2
Possible: R=3→Q=1, or R=4→Q=2
- S sits immediately to the right of R (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[S] = pos[R] + 1
If R=3 → S=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If R=4 → S=5 = P ✗ (conflict)
∴ R=3, Q=1, S=4

Position: Q _ R S P

Step 4: Apply constraint
- T not adjacent to P (pos 5): T ≠ pos 4 (taken by S) → T at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: Q T R S P

Verification:
✓ P at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ Q second to right of R: pos[Q](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[R] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ S immediately right of R (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ T not adjacent to P (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: Q sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 10

Five friends T, S, P, Q and R are sitting in a row facing South. T sits at the right extreme end. S sits second to the right of P. R sits immediately to the right of P (from viewer's perspective). Q is not adjacent to T. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- T at the right extreme end → Position 5
- S sits second to the right of P:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[S] = pos[P] - 2
Possible: P=3→S=1, or P=4→S=2
- R sits immediately to the right of P (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[P] + 1
If P=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If P=4 → R=5 = T ✗ (conflict)
∴ P=3, S=1, R=4

Position: S _ P R T

Step 4: Apply constraint
- Q not adjacent to T (pos 5): Q ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → Q at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: S Q P R T

Verification:
✓ T at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ S second to right of P: pos[S](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[P] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of P (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ Q not adjacent to T (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: S sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 11

Five friends P, T, S, Q and R are sitting in a row facing South. P sits at the right extreme end. T sits second to the right of S. R sits immediately to the right of S (from viewer's perspective). Q is not adjacent to P. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- P at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of S:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[S] - 2
Possible: S=3→T=1, or S=4→T=2
- R sits immediately to the right of S (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[S] + 1
If S=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If S=4 → R=5 = P ✗ (conflict)
∴ S=3, T=1, R=4

Position: T _ S R P

Step 4: Apply constraint
- Q not adjacent to P (pos 5): Q ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → Q at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T Q S R P

Verification:
✓ P at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of S: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[S] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of S (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ Q not adjacent to P (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 12

Five friends R, T, P, S and Q are sitting in a row facing South. R sits at the right extreme end. T sits second to the right of P. Q sits immediately to the right of P (from viewer's perspective). S is not adjacent to R. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- R at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of P:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[P] - 2
Possible: P=3→T=1, or P=4→T=2
- Q sits immediately to the right of P (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[Q] = pos[P] + 1
If P=3 → Q=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If P=4 → Q=5 = R ✗ (conflict)
∴ P=3, T=1, Q=4

Position: T _ P Q R

Step 4: Apply constraint
- S not adjacent to R (pos 5): S ≠ pos 4 (taken by Q) → S at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T S P Q R

Verification:
✓ R at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of P: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[P] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ Q immediately right of P (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ S not adjacent to R (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 13

Five friends Q, R, P, S and T are sitting in a row facing South. Q sits at the right extreme end. R sits second to the right of P. T sits immediately to the right of P (from viewer's perspective). S is not adjacent to Q. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- Q at the right extreme end → Position 5
- R sits second to the right of P:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[R] = pos[P] - 2
Possible: P=3→R=1, or P=4→R=2
- T sits immediately to the right of P (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[T] = pos[P] + 1
If P=3 → T=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If P=4 → T=5 = Q ✗ (conflict)
∴ P=3, R=1, T=4

Position: R _ P T Q

Step 4: Apply constraint
- S not adjacent to Q (pos 5): S ≠ pos 4 (taken by T) → S at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: R S P T Q

Verification:
✓ Q at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ R second to right of P: pos[R](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[P] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ T immediately right of P (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ S not adjacent to Q (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: R sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 14

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- P at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of R:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[R] - 2
Possible: R=3→T=1, or R=4→T=2
- S sits immediately to the right of R (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[S] = pos[R] + 1
If R=3 → S=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If R=4 → S=5 = P ✗ (conflict)
∴ R=3, T=1, S=4

Position: T _ R S P

Step 4: Apply constraint
- Q not adjacent to P (pos 5): Q ≠ pos 4 (taken by S) → Q at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T Q R S P

Verification:
✓ P at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of R: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[R] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ S immediately right of R (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ Q not adjacent to P (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 15

Five friends T, Q, P, R and S are sitting in a row facing South. T sits at the right extreme end. Q sits second to the right of P. S sits immediately to the right of P (from viewer's perspective). R is not adjacent to T. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- T at the right extreme end → Position 5
- Q sits second to the right of P:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[Q] = pos[P] - 2
Possible: P=3→Q=1, or P=4→Q=2
- S sits immediately to the right of P (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[S] = pos[P] + 1
If P=3 → S=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If P=4 → S=5 = T ✗ (conflict)
∴ P=3, Q=1, S=4

Position: Q _ P S T

Step 4: Apply constraint
- R not adjacent to T (pos 5): R ≠ pos 4 (taken by S) → R at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: Q R P S T

Verification:
✓ T at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ Q second to right of P: pos[Q](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[P] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ S immediately right of P (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ R not adjacent to T (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: Q sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 16

Five friends S, P, Q, T and R are sitting in a row facing South. S sits at the right extreme end. P sits second to the right of Q. R sits immediately to the right of Q (from viewer's perspective). T is not adjacent to S. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- S at the right extreme end → Position 5
- P sits second to the right of Q:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[P] = pos[Q] - 2
Possible: Q=3→P=1, or Q=4→P=2
- R sits immediately to the right of Q (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[Q] + 1
If Q=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If Q=4 → R=5 = S ✗ (conflict)
∴ Q=3, P=1, R=4

Position: P _ Q R S

Step 4: Apply constraint
- T not adjacent to S (pos 5): T ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → T at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: P T Q R S

Verification:
✓ S at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ P second to right of Q: pos[P](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[Q] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of Q (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ T not adjacent to S (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: P sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 17

Five friends T, S, Q, P and R are sitting in a row facing South. T sits at the right extreme end. S sits second to the right of Q. R sits immediately to the right of Q (from viewer's perspective). P is not adjacent to T. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- T at the right extreme end → Position 5
- S sits second to the right of Q:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[S] = pos[Q] - 2
Possible: Q=3→S=1, or Q=4→S=2
- R sits immediately to the right of Q (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[Q] + 1
If Q=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If Q=4 → R=5 = T ✗ (conflict)
∴ Q=3, S=1, R=4

Position: S _ Q R T

Step 4: Apply constraint
- P not adjacent to T (pos 5): P ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → P at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: S P Q R T

Verification:
✓ T at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ S second to right of Q: pos[S](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[Q] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of Q (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ P not adjacent to T (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: S sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 18

Five friends Q, P, T, R and S are sitting in a row facing South. Q sits at the right extreme end. P sits second to the right of T. S sits immediately to the right of T (from viewer's perspective). R is not adjacent to Q. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- Q at the right extreme end → Position 5
- P sits second to the right of T:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[P] = pos[T] - 2
Possible: T=3→P=1, or T=4→P=2
- S sits immediately to the right of T (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[S] = pos[T] + 1
If T=3 → S=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If T=4 → S=5 = Q ✗ (conflict)
∴ T=3, P=1, S=4

Position: P _ T S Q

Step 4: Apply constraint
- R not adjacent to Q (pos 5): R ≠ pos 4 (taken by S) → R at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: P R T S Q

Verification:
✓ Q at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ P second to right of T: pos[P](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[T] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ S immediately right of T (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ R not adjacent to Q (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: P sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 19

Five friends P, T, Q, S and R are sitting in a row facing South. P sits at the right extreme end. T sits second to the right of Q. R sits immediately to the right of Q (from viewer's perspective). S is not adjacent to P. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- P at the right extreme end → Position 5
- T sits second to the right of Q:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[T] = pos[Q] - 2
Possible: Q=3→T=1, or Q=4→T=2
- R sits immediately to the right of Q (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[Q] + 1
If Q=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If Q=4 → R=5 = P ✗ (conflict)
∴ Q=3, T=1, R=4

Position: T _ Q R P

Step 4: Apply constraint
- S not adjacent to P (pos 5): S ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → S at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: T S Q R P

Verification:
✓ P at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ T second to right of Q: pos[T](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[Q] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of Q (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ S not adjacent to P (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: T sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

Question 20

Five friends T, Q, P, S and R are sitting in a row facing South. T sits at the right extreme end. Q sits second to the right of P. R sits immediately to the right of P (from viewer's perspective). S is not adjacent to T. Who sits at the left extreme end?

Solution Approach:

Step 1: Understanding facing South
When persons face South:
- Their right hand points West (viewer's LEFT) — "right" in the question = lower position number
- Viewer's "right" (higher position) = person's left side

Step 2: Set up diagram (viewer's perspective)
Position: 1(left) 2 3 4 5(right)

Step 3: Apply conditions
- T at the right extreme end → Position 5
- Q sits second to the right of P:
South-facing right = viewer's left = lower position: pos[Q] = pos[P] - 2
Possible: P=3→Q=1, or P=4→Q=2
- R sits immediately to the right of P (viewer's right = higher pos): pos[R] = pos[P] + 1
If P=3 → R=4 ✓ (pos 4 free)
If P=4 → R=5 = T ✗ (conflict)
∴ P=3, Q=1, R=4

Position: Q _ P R T

Step 4: Apply constraint
- S not adjacent to T (pos 5): S ≠ pos 4 (taken by R) → S at pos 2 ✓

Final Arrangement (all facing South ↓):
Position: Q S P R T

Verification:
✓ T at right extreme end (pos 5)
✓ Q second to right of P: pos[Q](=1)-2 = 3 = pos[P] (south-facing right=lower)
✓ R immediately right of P (viewer right): pos 3+1 = 4
✓ S not adjacent to T (pos 2, not pos 4)

Answer: Q sits at the left extreme end (position 1).

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