Master gk analogy concepts through this excellence pursuit practice set. Worksheet 16 of 30 contains 20 intermediate-level problems. Deep dive into country-capital while learning famous pairs, country-capital, author-book. Recommended for mid-level learners aiming for moderate complexity with mixed patterns.
Master famous pairs through focused country-capital practice
Learn country-capital with intermediate-level examples
Build speed in solving gk analogy using excellence pursuit techniques
Understand common patterns in author-book
Apply logical thinking to country-capital scenarios
Your progress through GK Analogy
Worksheet 16 of 30 (53% complete)
Question 1
Indian National Congress Formation : 1885 :: Muslim League Formation : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Relationship Pattern: The analogy follows an Event-Year relationship. Indian National Congress Formation occurred in 1885.
Historical Context of First Pair: The Indian National Congress Formation was a significant event in Indian history that took place in 1885. It marked an important milestone in India's freedom struggle/historical timeline.
Identifying the Second Term: We need to find when Muslim League Formation occurred to complete the analogy.
Historical Verification: Muslim League Formation took place in 1906. This event was equally significant in the historical context.
Answer: 1906
Why Wrong Options Are Incorrect: - Other years represent different historical events and don't correspond to Muslim League Formation - Mixing up chronological order is a common mistake in such questions
Memory Technique: Create a timeline of major historical events with decades (1900s, 1910s, 1920s, etc.) and associate 2-3 key events per decade.
Exam Tip: UPSC CSAT, SSC CGL, and Banking exams frequently test chronological knowledge through such analogies. Always verify the exact year, not just the approximate period.
The relationship is Disease : Causative Agent or Deficiency. Malaria is caused by a Protozoa.
We need to find the specific cause or factor responsible for Common Cold.
The correct answer is Virus. (e.g., Tuberculosis is caused by Bacteria, Rickets by Vitamin D Deficiency).
Question 3
Complete the analogy: **Shanghai** : **Huangpu** :: **?** : **Tigris**
The analogy establishes the relationship Major City : River it is situated on. The city of Shanghai is located on the Huangpu River.
We must identify the city situated on the Tigris.
The correct term is Baghdad. This question is challenging as it tests knowledge of less common global cities and uses a reverse analogy pattern.
Question 4
NATO : Brussels, Belgium :: OPEC : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex International Relationship: This analogy tests knowledge of international organizations and their headquarters, which requires understanding of global governance, multilateral institutions, and diplomatic geography.
First Pair Analysis: The NATO has its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. This establishes an organization-headquarters location relationship.
Organizational Context: International organizations choose headquarters based on various factors including neutrality, accessibility, historical reasons, and diplomatic considerations. The location of headquarters often reflects the organization's founding principles or major member states.
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify where OPEC has its headquarters.
International Verification: The headquarters of OPEC is located in Vienna, Austria.
Answer: Vienna, Austria
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of international organizations beyond UN and major bodies - Many organizations have similar functions but different headquarters - Some organizations have multiple offices, requiring identification of the MAIN headquarters - Tests understanding of both organizational functions and geographical locations - Requires current knowledge as some HQs have relocated or organizations restructured
Detailed Context:
About NATO: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Brussels, Belgium was chosen as the headquarters location - Major achievements and current relevance
About OPEC: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Vienna, Austria was chosen as the headquarters location - Major member countries and current relevance
Interesting Facts: - Geneva, Switzerland hosts the most international organization headquarters due to its neutrality - New York and Washington D.C. host many organizations due to US influence in post-WWII international order - Some cities like Vienna, The Hague, and Paris are specifically chosen for historical or symbolic reasons - Regional organizations typically have headquarters in member countries (ASEAN in Jakarta, SAARC in Kathmandu)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing UN headquarters (New York) with various UN specialized agencies (WHO in Geneva, UNESCO in Paris, FAO in Rome) - Mixing up organizations with similar names or functions - Not knowing about regional organizations' headquarters - Assuming all international organizations are in New York or Geneva - Outdated information about headquarters that have relocated
Advanced Memory Strategy:
By City: - Geneva: WHO, WTO, ILO, WMO, ITU, UNHCR (Switzerland's neutrality) - New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP (Global diplomatic center) - Washington D.C.: World Bank, IMF (Financial institutions) - Vienna: OPEC, IAEA, UNIDO (Central European location) - Paris: UNESCO, OECD (Cultural and educational focus) - The Hague: ICJ, ICC (International legal institutions) - Rome: FAO, WFP (Food and agriculture focus)
By Organization Type: - UN and Specialized Agencies: Spread across multiple cities - Financial Institutions: Mainly Washington D.C. - Regional Organizations: Within their respective regions - Legal/Judicial Bodies: The Hague, Netherlands - Economic Bodies: Various locations based on founding members
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on major UN agencies and their headquarters 2. Learn regional organizations' HQs (ASEAN, SAARC, AU, Arab League) 3. Remember financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, ADB, AIIB) 4. Know specialized bodies (OPEC, INTERPOL, ICC, ICJ) 5. Stay updated on newly formed organizations (AIIB, NDB)
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Increased importance due to global cooperation on climate change (UNFCCC) - Financial institutions' role in pandemic recovery and debt management - Regional organizations' growing importance in geopolitics - New multilateral institutions like AIIB challenging traditional order
Exam Context: Organization-headquarters analogies appear in: - UPSC CSAT Paper-II (complex reasoning with current affairs) - Banking PO/SO Mains examinations (especially for specialist officers) - SSC CGL Tier-II (detailed general awareness) - State PSC Mains (higher-level international affairs knowledge) - Defense services exams (CDS, AFCAT) - geopolitical awareness - MBA entrance exams (CAT, XAT) - if verbal reasoning includes GK - International competitive exams for Indian students (GRE, GMAT)
Scoring Strategy: - This is a scoring topic if prepared well, as questions are factual - Create flashcards for top 30-40 international organizations - Use mnemonic devices for cities hosting multiple organizations - Regular revision is essential as this is pure memorization-based - Connect with current affairs for better retention
Question 5
Bihu : Assam :: Garba : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Relationship Identification: Bihu is a traditional dance form that originated in Assam. This establishes a dance-origin relationship.
Cultural Context: Dance forms are integral to regional culture and reflect the artistic traditions, history, and social practices of their places of origin. Bihu represents the cultural heritage of Assam.
Pattern Application: We need to identify where the Garba dance form originated.
Cultural Verification: Garba is a traditional dance form from Gujarat.
Answer: Gujarat
Why This Is Medium Difficulty: - Requires knowledge of regional Indian classical and folk dances - Many states have multiple dance forms, requiring specific identification - Tests understanding of both classical (Bharatanatyam, Kathak) and folk (Bihu, Garba) traditions - Some dances are performed in multiple regions but have one primary origin
Cultural Significance: - India has 8 classical dance forms recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi - Each dance form has unique characteristics, costumes, and musical traditions - Folk dances vary significantly across Indian states and reflect local festivals and traditions
Important Distinctions: - Classical Dances: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniyattam, Odissi, Sattriya - Folk Dances: Bihu (Assam), Bhangra (Punjab), Garba (Gujarat), Ghoomar (Rajasthan), Lavani (Maharashtra) - Some dances span multiple states (Chhau in Jharkhand/Odisha/West Bengal)
Exam Context: Dance-origin analogies are asked in: - SSC CGL (cultural awareness section) - State PSC exams (especially in respective states) - Railway NTPC and Group D - Banking exams (general awareness) - UPSC CSAT (occasionally in reasoning section)
Question 6
World Bank : Washington D.C., USA :: International Court of Justice : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex International Relationship: This analogy tests knowledge of international organizations and their headquarters, which requires understanding of global governance, multilateral institutions, and diplomatic geography.
First Pair Analysis: The World Bank has its headquarters in Washington D.C., USA. This establishes an organization-headquarters location relationship.
Organizational Context: International organizations choose headquarters based on various factors including neutrality, accessibility, historical reasons, and diplomatic considerations. The location of headquarters often reflects the organization's founding principles or major member states.
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify where International Court of Justice has its headquarters.
International Verification: The headquarters of International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, Netherlands.
Answer: The Hague, Netherlands
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of international organizations beyond UN and major bodies - Many organizations have similar functions but different headquarters - Some organizations have multiple offices, requiring identification of the MAIN headquarters - Tests understanding of both organizational functions and geographical locations - Requires current knowledge as some HQs have relocated or organizations restructured
Detailed Context:
About World Bank: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Washington D.C., USA was chosen as the headquarters location - Major achievements and current relevance
About International Court of Justice: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why The Hague, Netherlands was chosen as the headquarters location - Major member countries and current relevance
Interesting Facts: - Geneva, Switzerland hosts the most international organization headquarters due to its neutrality - New York and Washington D.C. host many organizations due to US influence in post-WWII international order - Some cities like Vienna, The Hague, and Paris are specifically chosen for historical or symbolic reasons - Regional organizations typically have headquarters in member countries (ASEAN in Jakarta, SAARC in Kathmandu)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing UN headquarters (New York) with various UN specialized agencies (WHO in Geneva, UNESCO in Paris, FAO in Rome) - Mixing up organizations with similar names or functions - Not knowing about regional organizations' headquarters - Assuming all international organizations are in New York or Geneva - Outdated information about headquarters that have relocated
Advanced Memory Strategy:
By City: - Geneva: WHO, WTO, ILO, WMO, ITU, UNHCR (Switzerland's neutrality) - New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP (Global diplomatic center) - Washington D.C.: World Bank, IMF (Financial institutions) - Vienna: OPEC, IAEA, UNIDO (Central European location) - Paris: UNESCO, OECD (Cultural and educational focus) - The Hague: ICJ, ICC (International legal institutions) - Rome: FAO, WFP (Food and agriculture focus)
By Organization Type: - UN and Specialized Agencies: Spread across multiple cities - Financial Institutions: Mainly Washington D.C. - Regional Organizations: Within their respective regions - Legal/Judicial Bodies: The Hague, Netherlands - Economic Bodies: Various locations based on founding members
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on major UN agencies and their headquarters 2. Learn regional organizations' HQs (ASEAN, SAARC, AU, Arab League) 3. Remember financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, ADB, AIIB) 4. Know specialized bodies (OPEC, INTERPOL, ICC, ICJ) 5. Stay updated on newly formed organizations (AIIB, NDB)
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Increased importance due to global cooperation on climate change (UNFCCC) - Financial institutions' role in pandemic recovery and debt management - Regional organizations' growing importance in geopolitics - New multilateral institutions like AIIB challenging traditional order
Exam Context: Organization-headquarters analogies appear in: - UPSC CSAT Paper-II (complex reasoning with current affairs) - Banking PO/SO Mains examinations (especially for specialist officers) - SSC CGL Tier-II (detailed general awareness) - State PSC Mains (higher-level international affairs knowledge) - Defense services exams (CDS, AFCAT) - geopolitical awareness - MBA entrance exams (CAT, XAT) - if verbal reasoning includes GK - International competitive exams for Indian students (GRE, GMAT)
Scoring Strategy: - This is a scoring topic if prepared well, as questions are factual - Create flashcards for top 30-40 international organizations - Use mnemonic devices for cities hosting multiple organizations - Regular revision is essential as this is pure memorization-based - Connect with current affairs for better retention
Complex Relationship Analysis: This analogy tests the association between freedom fighters and their most prominent movements or contributions to India's independence struggle.
First Pair Deep Dive: Chandrashekhar Azad was closely associated with the Kakori Conspiracy. This connection is significant because it represents their primary contribution or the movement they led/participated in prominently.
Historical Significance: Understanding the context - Chandrashekhar Azad's role in Kakori Conspiracy shaped a particular aspect of India's freedom struggle, whether through revolutionary means, non-violent resistance, or organizational leadership.
Second Term Analysis: Ram Prasad Bismil was another prominent freedom fighter whose contribution needs to be identified.
Applying Historical Knowledge: Ram Prasad Bismil was most famously associated with the Kakori Conspiracy. This movement/organization represented their primary contribution to India's independence.
Answer: Kakori Conspiracy
Detailed Verification: - The relationship maintains the freedom fighter-movement association pattern - Both pairs represent significant contributions to India's freedom struggle - The time periods and ideological alignments are historically consistent
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of multiple freedom fighters and their specific contributions - Many freedom fighters participated in multiple movements, requiring identification of their PRIMARY association - Tests understanding of both revolutionary and non-revolutionary approaches to independence
Common Mistakes to Avoid: - Confusing contemporaries who participated in similar movements - Mixing up leaders of different ideological streams (revolutionary vs. moderate vs. extremist) - Overlooking lesser-known but significant movements
Memory Strategy: Create mental categories: Revolutionary (Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad), Moderate (Gokhale, Naoroji), Extremist (Tilak, Lal-Bal-Pal), Military (Subhas Bose, Rash Behari Bose), and Social Reform (Vinoba Bhave, Jayaprakash Narayan).
Exam Context: Such complex analogies are common in UPSC CSAT Paper II, SSC CGL Tier-II, and State PSC mains examinations where deep historical understanding is tested.
Question 8
NATO : Brussels, Belgium :: OPEC : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex International Relationship: This analogy tests knowledge of international organizations and their headquarters, which requires understanding of global governance, multilateral institutions, and diplomatic geography.
First Pair Analysis: The NATO has its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. This establishes an organization-headquarters location relationship.
Organizational Context: International organizations choose headquarters based on various factors including neutrality, accessibility, historical reasons, and diplomatic considerations. The location of headquarters often reflects the organization's founding principles or major member states.
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify where OPEC has its headquarters.
International Verification: The headquarters of OPEC is located in Vienna, Austria.
Answer: Vienna, Austria
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of international organizations beyond UN and major bodies - Many organizations have similar functions but different headquarters - Some organizations have multiple offices, requiring identification of the MAIN headquarters - Tests understanding of both organizational functions and geographical locations - Requires current knowledge as some HQs have relocated or organizations restructured
Detailed Context:
About NATO: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Brussels, Belgium was chosen as the headquarters location - Major achievements and current relevance
About OPEC: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Vienna, Austria was chosen as the headquarters location - Major member countries and current relevance
Interesting Facts: - Geneva, Switzerland hosts the most international organization headquarters due to its neutrality - New York and Washington D.C. host many organizations due to US influence in post-WWII international order - Some cities like Vienna, The Hague, and Paris are specifically chosen for historical or symbolic reasons - Regional organizations typically have headquarters in member countries (ASEAN in Jakarta, SAARC in Kathmandu)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing UN headquarters (New York) with various UN specialized agencies (WHO in Geneva, UNESCO in Paris, FAO in Rome) - Mixing up organizations with similar names or functions - Not knowing about regional organizations' headquarters - Assuming all international organizations are in New York or Geneva - Outdated information about headquarters that have relocated
Advanced Memory Strategy:
By City: - Geneva: WHO, WTO, ILO, WMO, ITU, UNHCR (Switzerland's neutrality) - New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP (Global diplomatic center) - Washington D.C.: World Bank, IMF (Financial institutions) - Vienna: OPEC, IAEA, UNIDO (Central European location) - Paris: UNESCO, OECD (Cultural and educational focus) - The Hague: ICJ, ICC (International legal institutions) - Rome: FAO, WFP (Food and agriculture focus)
By Organization Type: - UN and Specialized Agencies: Spread across multiple cities - Financial Institutions: Mainly Washington D.C. - Regional Organizations: Within their respective regions - Legal/Judicial Bodies: The Hague, Netherlands - Economic Bodies: Various locations based on founding members
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on major UN agencies and their headquarters 2. Learn regional organizations' HQs (ASEAN, SAARC, AU, Arab League) 3. Remember financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, ADB, AIIB) 4. Know specialized bodies (OPEC, INTERPOL, ICC, ICJ) 5. Stay updated on newly formed organizations (AIIB, NDB)
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Increased importance due to global cooperation on climate change (UNFCCC) - Financial institutions' role in pandemic recovery and debt management - Regional organizations' growing importance in geopolitics - New multilateral institutions like AIIB challenging traditional order
Exam Context: Organization-headquarters analogies appear in: - UPSC CSAT Paper-II (complex reasoning with current affairs) - Banking PO/SO Mains examinations (especially for specialist officers) - SSC CGL Tier-II (detailed general awareness) - State PSC Mains (higher-level international affairs knowledge) - Defense services exams (CDS, AFCAT) - geopolitical awareness - MBA entrance exams (CAT, XAT) - if verbal reasoning includes GK - International competitive exams for Indian students (GRE, GMAT)
Scoring Strategy: - This is a scoring topic if prepared well, as questions are factual - Create flashcards for top 30-40 international organizations - Use mnemonic devices for cities hosting multiple organizations - Regular revision is essential as this is pure memorization-based - Connect with current affairs for better retention
The relationship is Constitutional Article : Subject/Provision. The subject matter of Article 32 is the Right to Constitutional Remedies (e.g., a Fundamental Right or DPSP).
Following this, the missing term is the provision contained within Article 51A.
The correct answer is Fundamental Duties.
Question 10
International Atomic Energy Agency : Vienna, Austria :: Food and Agriculture Organization : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex International Relationship: This analogy tests knowledge of international organizations and their headquarters, which requires understanding of global governance, multilateral institutions, and diplomatic geography.
First Pair Analysis: The International Atomic Energy Agency has its headquarters in Vienna, Austria. This establishes an organization-headquarters location relationship.
Organizational Context: International organizations choose headquarters based on various factors including neutrality, accessibility, historical reasons, and diplomatic considerations. The location of headquarters often reflects the organization's founding principles or major member states.
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify where Food and Agriculture Organization has its headquarters.
International Verification: The headquarters of Food and Agriculture Organization is located in Rome, Italy.
Answer: Rome, Italy
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of international organizations beyond UN and major bodies - Many organizations have similar functions but different headquarters - Some organizations have multiple offices, requiring identification of the MAIN headquarters - Tests understanding of both organizational functions and geographical locations - Requires current knowledge as some HQs have relocated or organizations restructured
Detailed Context:
About International Atomic Energy Agency: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Vienna, Austria was chosen as the headquarters location - Major achievements and current relevance
About Food and Agriculture Organization: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Rome, Italy was chosen as the headquarters location - Major member countries and current relevance
Interesting Facts: - Geneva, Switzerland hosts the most international organization headquarters due to its neutrality - New York and Washington D.C. host many organizations due to US influence in post-WWII international order - Some cities like Vienna, The Hague, and Paris are specifically chosen for historical or symbolic reasons - Regional organizations typically have headquarters in member countries (ASEAN in Jakarta, SAARC in Kathmandu)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing UN headquarters (New York) with various UN specialized agencies (WHO in Geneva, UNESCO in Paris, FAO in Rome) - Mixing up organizations with similar names or functions - Not knowing about regional organizations' headquarters - Assuming all international organizations are in New York or Geneva - Outdated information about headquarters that have relocated
Advanced Memory Strategy:
By City: - Geneva: WHO, WTO, ILO, WMO, ITU, UNHCR (Switzerland's neutrality) - New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP (Global diplomatic center) - Washington D.C.: World Bank, IMF (Financial institutions) - Vienna: OPEC, IAEA, UNIDO (Central European location) - Paris: UNESCO, OECD (Cultural and educational focus) - The Hague: ICJ, ICC (International legal institutions) - Rome: FAO, WFP (Food and agriculture focus)
By Organization Type: - UN and Specialized Agencies: Spread across multiple cities - Financial Institutions: Mainly Washington D.C. - Regional Organizations: Within their respective regions - Legal/Judicial Bodies: The Hague, Netherlands - Economic Bodies: Various locations based on founding members
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on major UN agencies and their headquarters 2. Learn regional organizations' HQs (ASEAN, SAARC, AU, Arab League) 3. Remember financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, ADB, AIIB) 4. Know specialized bodies (OPEC, INTERPOL, ICC, ICJ) 5. Stay updated on newly formed organizations (AIIB, NDB)
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Increased importance due to global cooperation on climate change (UNFCCC) - Financial institutions' role in pandemic recovery and debt management - Regional organizations' growing importance in geopolitics - New multilateral institutions like AIIB challenging traditional order
Exam Context: Organization-headquarters analogies appear in: - UPSC CSAT Paper-II (complex reasoning with current affairs) - Banking PO/SO Mains examinations (especially for specialist officers) - SSC CGL Tier-II (detailed general awareness) - State PSC Mains (higher-level international affairs knowledge) - Defense services exams (CDS, AFCAT) - geopolitical awareness - MBA entrance exams (CAT, XAT) - if verbal reasoning includes GK - International competitive exams for Indian students (GRE, GMAT)
Scoring Strategy: - This is a scoring topic if prepared well, as questions are factual - Create flashcards for top 30-40 international organizations - Use mnemonic devices for cities hosting multiple organizations - Regular revision is essential as this is pure memorization-based - Connect with current affairs for better retention
Question 11
Digital India : Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) :: BharatNet : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex Administrative Relationship: This analogy tests detailed knowledge of Indian government schemes and their administrative structure, which requires understanding of both policy initiatives and ministerial organization.
First Pair Analysis: Digital India is implemented and overseen by the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY). This establishes a scheme-ministry relationship.
Governance Context: Government schemes are policy initiatives designed to address specific social, economic, or developmental challenges. Each scheme is administered by the ministry whose domain aligns with the scheme's objectives.
Understanding Digital India: - Purpose and objectives of the scheme - Target beneficiaries - Why it falls under Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) - Major achievements or impact
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify which ministry is responsible for BharatNet.
Administrative Verification: BharatNet is implemented by the Ministry of Communications.
Answer: Ministry of Communications
Understanding BharatNet: - Purpose and objectives of the scheme - Target beneficiaries - Why it falls under Ministry of Communications - Major achievements or impact
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of both central government schemes and ministerial structure - Many schemes involve multiple ministries, requiring identification of the PRIMARY ministry - Tests understanding of administrative domains and policy implementation - Requires updated knowledge as schemes and ministry names change - Some schemes are interdisciplinary, making ministry assignment complex
Detailed Administrative Context:
Major Central Ministries and Their Key Schemes:
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: - Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) - National Health Mission - Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare: - PM-KISAN (Income support) - Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (Crop insurance) - Soil Health Card Scheme
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs: - PM Awas Yojana (Housing for all) - Smart Cities Mission - AMRUT (Urban infrastructure)
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas: - Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (LPG connections) - PAHAL (LPG subsidy)
Ministry of Power: - Saubhagya (Electricity for all) - UDAY Scheme (Power sector reforms)
Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY): - Digital India - BharatNet (Broadband connectivity) - E-Governance initiatives
Ministry of Education: - Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (with WCD) - Mid-Day Meal Scheme
DPIIT (Under Commerce): - Make in India - Startup India - Stand Up India
Common Pitfalls: - Confusing schemes with similar objectives under different ministries - Not knowing recent ministry reorganizations (e.g., Jal Shakti formed from Water Resources + Drinking Water) - Mixing up flagship schemes with their sub-components - Outdated knowledge about scheme transfers between ministries - Confusion between central and state-level schemes
Scheme Naming Patterns: - "Pradhan Mantri" schemes: Usually flagship initiatives launched by PM - "Mission" schemes: Often large-scale, transformative programs (Smart Cities Mission, National Health Mission) - "Yojana" schemes: General term for government plans - "Abhiyan" schemes: Campaign-style initiatives (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan)
Advanced Memory Strategy:
Group by Ministry: Create flashcards for top 15-20 ministries with their 3-5 flagship schemes each.
Group by Objective: - Poverty Alleviation: MGNREGA, PM-KISAN, Ayushman Bharat - Infrastructure: Smart Cities, PMGSY, BharatNet - Energy: Ujjwala, Saubhagya, Solar Mission - Digital/Technology: Digital India, Startup India, Make in India - Education: Samagra Shiksha, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao - Health: Ayushman Bharat, National Health Mission, Vaccination programs
Timeline Approach: Note when major schemes were launched (particularly post-2014 flagship schemes).
Acronym Mastery: - MGNREGA: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - PM-JAY: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (Ayushman Bharat) - UDAY: Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana - AMRUT: Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on flagship schemes: Top 30-40 central government schemes 2. Know ministry names: Full names, not just abbreviations 3. Understand objectives: Why a scheme falls under a particular ministry 4. Track current affairs: New scheme launches, scheme extensions, budget allocations 5. State schemes awareness: Some state-level schemes are asked in State PSC exams 6. Budget correlation: Read budget highlights for scheme allocations
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Many schemes are being rebranded or merged under Atmanirbhar Bharat umbrella - Digital public infrastructure (UPI, Aadhaar, DigiLocker) integration with schemes - Climate and sustainability-focused schemes gaining prominence - Scheme performance metrics increasingly emphasized - Women and child welfare schemes expanded post-pandemic
Scheme Evolution to Track: - Name changes and rebranding - Ministry reorganizations (e.g., creation of Jal Shakti, Cooperation ministries) - Scheme mergers and consolidation - New flagship launches - Budget allocation changes
Exam Context: Scheme-ministry analogies appear in: - UPSC CSE: Both Prelims and Mains (GS-II Governance) - State PSC exams: Both Prelims and Mains - SSC CGL Tier-II: General awareness advanced section - Banking PO/SO Mains: Especially for SBI/IBPS PO - Railway NTPC: Current affairs and GK sections - Defense services: CDS, AFCAT (general awareness) - Interview stage: For all competitive exams
Scoring Strategy: - High-scoring if updated: Questions are factual and verifiable - Current affairs integration: Read PIB releases, Yojana magazine - Budget analysis: Annual budget highlights schemes and allocations - Ministry websites: For detailed scheme information - Economic Survey: For scheme implementation and outcomes - Regular revision: Schemes and ministries must be revised frequently - Newspaper reading: Daily reading helps track scheme launches and performance
Interview Preparation: Beyond analogies, detailed scheme knowledge is crucial for interview stages in UPSC, Banking, and other competitive exams. Be prepared to discuss: - Scheme objectives and target beneficiaries - Implementation challenges - Outcomes and impact - Comparison with similar schemes - Suggestions for improvement
Question 12
Complete the Analogy: **Rickets** (Disease) : **Vitamin D Deficiency** (Cause) :: **Tuberculosis** : **?**
The relationship is Disease : Causative Agent or Deficiency. Rickets is caused by a Vitamin D Deficiency.
We need to find the specific cause or factor responsible for Tuberculosis.
The correct answer is Bacteria. (e.g., Tuberculosis is caused by Bacteria, Rickets by Vitamin D Deficiency).
Question 13
NATO : Brussels, Belgium :: OPEC : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex International Relationship: This analogy tests knowledge of international organizations and their headquarters, which requires understanding of global governance, multilateral institutions, and diplomatic geography.
First Pair Analysis: The NATO has its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. This establishes an organization-headquarters location relationship.
Organizational Context: International organizations choose headquarters based on various factors including neutrality, accessibility, historical reasons, and diplomatic considerations. The location of headquarters often reflects the organization's founding principles or major member states.
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify where OPEC has its headquarters.
International Verification: The headquarters of OPEC is located in Vienna, Austria.
Answer: Vienna, Austria
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of international organizations beyond UN and major bodies - Many organizations have similar functions but different headquarters - Some organizations have multiple offices, requiring identification of the MAIN headquarters - Tests understanding of both organizational functions and geographical locations - Requires current knowledge as some HQs have relocated or organizations restructured
Detailed Context:
About NATO: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Brussels, Belgium was chosen as the headquarters location - Major achievements and current relevance
About OPEC: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Vienna, Austria was chosen as the headquarters location - Major member countries and current relevance
Interesting Facts: - Geneva, Switzerland hosts the most international organization headquarters due to its neutrality - New York and Washington D.C. host many organizations due to US influence in post-WWII international order - Some cities like Vienna, The Hague, and Paris are specifically chosen for historical or symbolic reasons - Regional organizations typically have headquarters in member countries (ASEAN in Jakarta, SAARC in Kathmandu)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing UN headquarters (New York) with various UN specialized agencies (WHO in Geneva, UNESCO in Paris, FAO in Rome) - Mixing up organizations with similar names or functions - Not knowing about regional organizations' headquarters - Assuming all international organizations are in New York or Geneva - Outdated information about headquarters that have relocated
Advanced Memory Strategy:
By City: - Geneva: WHO, WTO, ILO, WMO, ITU, UNHCR (Switzerland's neutrality) - New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP (Global diplomatic center) - Washington D.C.: World Bank, IMF (Financial institutions) - Vienna: OPEC, IAEA, UNIDO (Central European location) - Paris: UNESCO, OECD (Cultural and educational focus) - The Hague: ICJ, ICC (International legal institutions) - Rome: FAO, WFP (Food and agriculture focus)
By Organization Type: - UN and Specialized Agencies: Spread across multiple cities - Financial Institutions: Mainly Washington D.C. - Regional Organizations: Within their respective regions - Legal/Judicial Bodies: The Hague, Netherlands - Economic Bodies: Various locations based on founding members
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on major UN agencies and their headquarters 2. Learn regional organizations' HQs (ASEAN, SAARC, AU, Arab League) 3. Remember financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, ADB, AIIB) 4. Know specialized bodies (OPEC, INTERPOL, ICC, ICJ) 5. Stay updated on newly formed organizations (AIIB, NDB)
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Increased importance due to global cooperation on climate change (UNFCCC) - Financial institutions' role in pandemic recovery and debt management - Regional organizations' growing importance in geopolitics - New multilateral institutions like AIIB challenging traditional order
Exam Context: Organization-headquarters analogies appear in: - UPSC CSAT Paper-II (complex reasoning with current affairs) - Banking PO/SO Mains examinations (especially for specialist officers) - SSC CGL Tier-II (detailed general awareness) - State PSC Mains (higher-level international affairs knowledge) - Defense services exams (CDS, AFCAT) - geopolitical awareness - MBA entrance exams (CAT, XAT) - if verbal reasoning includes GK - International competitive exams for Indian students (GRE, GMAT)
Scoring Strategy: - This is a scoring topic if prepared well, as questions are factual - Create flashcards for top 30-40 international organizations - Use mnemonic devices for cities hosting multiple organizations - Regular revision is essential as this is pure memorization-based - Connect with current affairs for better retention
Question 14
Alexander Graham Bell : Telephone :: Guglielmo Marconi : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Relationship Pattern: This analogy establishes a scientist-discovery/invention relationship. Alexander Graham Bell is famous for discovering/inventing Telephone.
Scientific Context: Alexander Graham Bell's work on Telephone revolutionized the field and is considered a landmark achievement in science/technology.
Pattern Application: Following the same relationship, we need to identify what Guglielmo Marconi discovered or invented.
Scientific Verification: Guglielmo Marconi is renowned for Radio.
Answer: Radio
Why This Discovery Was Important: - Radio had a profound impact on science, technology, or human understanding - It represents a breakthrough that changed the course of scientific development - The discovery/invention continues to have applications in modern times
Exam Relevance: Scientist-discovery analogies are standard questions in SSC, Railway, Banking, and all competitive exams. Focus on major 19th and 20th-century discoveries.
Question 15
China : Yuan/Renminbi :: South Korea : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Relationship Identification: The official currency of China is Yuan/Renminbi. This establishes a country-currency economic relationship.
Economic Context: Currencies are official medium of exchange in countries and reflect national economic sovereignty. Understanding currency systems is essential for economic literacy.
Pattern Application: We need to identify the official currency of South Korea.
Economic Verification: The official currency of South Korea is Won.
Answer: Won
Why This Is Medium Difficulty: - Requires knowledge of international currencies beyond major economies - Some countries have unique currency names not derived from their country names - The Euro is shared by multiple countries, adding complexity - Currency names may have changed recently (e.g., Turkey's New Lira)
Important Notes: - The Euro is used by 19+ European Union member states - Some countries use another nation's currency (e.g., Ecuador uses US Dollar) - Currency symbols are different from names ($ for Dollar, ₹ for Rupee, ¥ for Yen/Yuan)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing similar currency names (Won vs. Yuan, Krone vs. Krona) - Not knowing which European countries use Euro vs. their own currencies - Outdated knowledge of currency reforms or name changes
Memory Technique: Organize by regions: - South Asia: India (Rupee), Pakistan (Rupee), Bangladesh (Taka), Sri Lanka (Rupee) - East Asia: China (Yuan), Japan (Yen), South Korea (Won) - Europe: UK (Pound), Switzerland (Franc), EU nations (Euro), Russia (Ruble) - Americas: USA (Dollar), Canada (Dollar), Brazil (Real), Mexico (Peso) - Middle East: Saudi Arabia (Riyal), UAE (Dirham), Kuwait (Dinar)
Current Relevance (2024-25): With global economic integration, cryptocurrency discussions, and forex markets gaining prominence, currency knowledge has become more important in banking and economic awareness sections.
Exam Context: Country-currency analogies are frequently asked in: - Banking PO/Clerk exams (IBPS, SBI) - SSC CGL Tier-I and Tier-II - Railway NTPC and Group D - State PSC preliminary exams - UPSC CSAT (occasionally in reasoning section)
Question 16
SAARC : Kathmandu, Nepal :: BRICS : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Complex International Relationship: This analogy tests knowledge of international organizations and their headquarters, which requires understanding of global governance, multilateral institutions, and diplomatic geography.
First Pair Analysis: The SAARC has its headquarters in Kathmandu, Nepal. This establishes an organization-headquarters location relationship.
Organizational Context: International organizations choose headquarters based on various factors including neutrality, accessibility, historical reasons, and diplomatic considerations. The location of headquarters often reflects the organization's founding principles or major member states.
Pattern Recognition: Following the same relationship, we need to identify where BRICS has its headquarters.
International Verification: The headquarters of BRICS is located in Shanghai, China (NDB).
Answer: Shanghai, China (NDB)
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of international organizations beyond UN and major bodies - Many organizations have similar functions but different headquarters - Some organizations have multiple offices, requiring identification of the MAIN headquarters - Tests understanding of both organizational functions and geographical locations - Requires current knowledge as some HQs have relocated or organizations restructured
Detailed Context:
About SAARC: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Kathmandu, Nepal was chosen as the headquarters location - Major achievements and current relevance
About BRICS: - Function and purpose of the organization - When it was established - Why Shanghai, China (NDB) was chosen as the headquarters location - Major member countries and current relevance
Interesting Facts: - Geneva, Switzerland hosts the most international organization headquarters due to its neutrality - New York and Washington D.C. host many organizations due to US influence in post-WWII international order - Some cities like Vienna, The Hague, and Paris are specifically chosen for historical or symbolic reasons - Regional organizations typically have headquarters in member countries (ASEAN in Jakarta, SAARC in Kathmandu)
Common Mistakes: - Confusing UN headquarters (New York) with various UN specialized agencies (WHO in Geneva, UNESCO in Paris, FAO in Rome) - Mixing up organizations with similar names or functions - Not knowing about regional organizations' headquarters - Assuming all international organizations are in New York or Geneva - Outdated information about headquarters that have relocated
Advanced Memory Strategy:
By City: - Geneva: WHO, WTO, ILO, WMO, ITU, UNHCR (Switzerland's neutrality) - New York: UN, UNICEF, UNDP (Global diplomatic center) - Washington D.C.: World Bank, IMF (Financial institutions) - Vienna: OPEC, IAEA, UNIDO (Central European location) - Paris: UNESCO, OECD (Cultural and educational focus) - The Hague: ICJ, ICC (International legal institutions) - Rome: FAO, WFP (Food and agriculture focus)
By Organization Type: - UN and Specialized Agencies: Spread across multiple cities - Financial Institutions: Mainly Washington D.C. - Regional Organizations: Within their respective regions - Legal/Judicial Bodies: The Hague, Netherlands - Economic Bodies: Various locations based on founding members
Exam Preparation Tips: 1. Focus on major UN agencies and their headquarters 2. Learn regional organizations' HQs (ASEAN, SAARC, AU, Arab League) 3. Remember financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, ADB, AIIB) 4. Know specialized bodies (OPEC, INTERPOL, ICC, ICJ) 5. Stay updated on newly formed organizations (AIIB, NDB)
Current Relevance (2024-25): - Increased importance due to global cooperation on climate change (UNFCCC) - Financial institutions' role in pandemic recovery and debt management - Regional organizations' growing importance in geopolitics - New multilateral institutions like AIIB challenging traditional order
Exam Context: Organization-headquarters analogies appear in: - UPSC CSAT Paper-II (complex reasoning with current affairs) - Banking PO/SO Mains examinations (especially for specialist officers) - SSC CGL Tier-II (detailed general awareness) - State PSC Mains (higher-level international affairs knowledge) - Defense services exams (CDS, AFCAT) - geopolitical awareness - MBA entrance exams (CAT, XAT) - if verbal reasoning includes GK - International competitive exams for Indian students (GRE, GMAT)
Scoring Strategy: - This is a scoring topic if prepared well, as questions are factual - Create flashcards for top 30-40 international organizations - Use mnemonic devices for cities hosting multiple organizations - Regular revision is essential as this is pure memorization-based - Connect with current affairs for better retention
Question 17
**Article 40** : **Organization of Village Panchayats** :: **Article 14** : **?**
The relationship is Constitutional Article : Subject/Provision. The subject matter of Article 40 is the Organization of Village Panchayats (e.g., a Fundamental Right or DPSP).
Following this, the missing term is the provision contained within Article 14.
Complex Relationship Analysis: This analogy tests the association between freedom fighters and their most prominent movements or contributions to India's independence struggle.
First Pair Deep Dive: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was closely associated with the Khudai Khidmatgar. This connection is significant because it represents their primary contribution or the movement they led/participated in prominently.
Historical Significance: Understanding the context - Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan's role in Khudai Khidmatgar shaped a particular aspect of India's freedom struggle, whether through revolutionary means, non-violent resistance, or organizational leadership.
Second Term Analysis: Vinoba Bhave was another prominent freedom fighter whose contribution needs to be identified.
Applying Historical Knowledge: Vinoba Bhave was most famously associated with the Bhoodan Movement. This movement/organization represented their primary contribution to India's independence.
Answer: Bhoodan Movement
Detailed Verification: - The relationship maintains the freedom fighter-movement association pattern - Both pairs represent significant contributions to India's freedom struggle - The time periods and ideological alignments are historically consistent
Why This Is Hard: - Requires detailed knowledge of multiple freedom fighters and their specific contributions - Many freedom fighters participated in multiple movements, requiring identification of their PRIMARY association - Tests understanding of both revolutionary and non-revolutionary approaches to independence
Common Mistakes to Avoid: - Confusing contemporaries who participated in similar movements - Mixing up leaders of different ideological streams (revolutionary vs. moderate vs. extremist) - Overlooking lesser-known but significant movements
Memory Strategy: Create mental categories: Revolutionary (Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad), Moderate (Gokhale, Naoroji), Extremist (Tilak, Lal-Bal-Pal), Military (Subhas Bose, Rash Behari Bose), and Social Reform (Vinoba Bhave, Jayaprakash Narayan).
Exam Context: Such complex analogies are common in UPSC CSAT Paper II, SSC CGL Tier-II, and State PSC mains examinations where deep historical understanding is tested.
Question 19
FIFA World Cup : Football :: ICC Cricket World Cup : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Relationship Identification: The FIFA World Cup is a prestigious tournament/trophy associated with Football. This establishes a trophy-sport relationship.
Sports Context: Tournaments and trophies are organized competitions in various sports. The FIFA World Cup is one of the major championships in Football.
Pattern Application: We need to identify which sport the ICC Cricket World Cup is associated with.
Sports Verification: ICC Cricket World Cup is a tournament/championship in Cricket.
Answer: Cricket
Why This Is Medium Difficulty: - Requires knowledge beyond just player names to tournament structures - Some trophies have similar names but are for different sports - Tests understanding of both international and domestic tournaments - Includes less commonly known tournaments and cups
Important Distinctions: - International Tournaments: FIFA World Cup, ICC World Cup, Olympics - Continental Championships: UEFA Champions League, Copa America, Asian Cup - Domestic Tournaments: Ranji Trophy (Indian cricket), Durand Cup (Indian football) - Team Cups: Davis Cup (tennis), Thomas/Uber Cup (badminton), Sultan Azlan Shah Cup (hockey)
Common Confusions: - Thomas Cup (Badminton-Men) vs. Uber Cup (Badminton-Women) vs. Sudirman Cup (Badminton-Mixed) - Multiple football tournaments: FIFA World Cup vs. UEFA Champions League vs. Copa America - Cricket trophies: Ranji Trophy (domestic) vs. ICC World Cup (international) vs. Ashes (bilateral)
Memory Technique: Group by sport and level: - Cricket: World Cup, Champions Trophy, T20 World Cup (International); Ranji Trophy, Irani Trophy (Domestic) - Football: FIFA World Cup, UEFA Champions League (International); Durand Cup, Santosh Trophy (India) - Tennis: Grand Slams (Wimbledon, US Open, French Open, Australian Open); Davis Cup (Team) - Badminton: All England, World Championships (Individual); Thomas/Uber/Sudirman Cup (Team) - Hockey: World Cup, Champions Trophy; Sultan Azlan Shah Cup
Exam Context: Trophy-sport analogies appear in: - SSC CGL and CHSL - Railway NTPC and Group D - Banking PO/Clerk exams - State PSC examinations - Defense services exams (NDA, CDS) - Current affairs-based questions often include recent tournament winners
Question 20
Indus : Pakistan :: Tigris : ?
Step-by-step solution:
Relationship Identification: The Indus river flows through/is primarily associated with Pakistan. This establishes a river-country geographical relationship.
Geographical Context: Rivers are crucial geographical features that often define national boundaries, provide water resources, and shape civilizations. The Indus is one of the major rivers of Pakistan.
Pattern Application: Following the same relationship, we need to identify which country the Tigris is primarily associated with.
Geographical Verification: The Tigris flows through Iraq. It is one of the major rivers of this country/region.
Answer: Iraq
Important Note: Some rivers like the Danube, Rhine, and Mekong flow through multiple countries, so the answer represents the primary association or the countries through which the majority of the river flows.
Why This Is Medium Difficulty: - Requires knowledge of international geography beyond just capitals - Some rivers span multiple countries, adding complexity - Tests understanding of geographical features and their national associations
Common Misconceptions: - Rivers flowing through multiple countries may be associated with the wrong nation - Confusion between rivers with similar names (e.g., Niger vs. Nile) - Mixing up regional rivers with international ones
Memory Technique: Associate each continent's major rivers with their primary countries: Asia (Ganga-India, Yangtze-China, Mekong-Southeast Asia), Europe (Thames-UK, Seine-France, Danube-Multiple), Americas (Amazon-Brazil, Mississippi-USA), Africa (Nile-Egypt, Congo-DRC).
Exam Context: River-country analogies appear in SSC CGL Tier-II, Banking PO Mains, UPSC CSAT, and State PSC examinations where geographical awareness is tested.
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