Question 1
Is James the brother of Mateo?
(1) James is male and child of Arjun.
(2) Mateo is child of Arjun.
Statement 1 tells us James is male and child of Arjun. Statement 2 tells us Mateo is child of Arjun. Together they confirm James and Mateo share parent Arjun and James is male, so James is the brother of Mateo.