Distribution of Terms | Final Worksheet (10/10) - Master Level

Question 1

Statements: All versatile are essential. Some versatile are useful. Conclusions: I. Some essential are useful. II. All essential being useful is a possibility. III. Some useful are essential.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All versatile are essential" → versatile DISTRIBUTED, essential UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some versatile are useful" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some essential are useful" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All essential being useful is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some useful are essential" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 2

Statements: All beautiful are rare. Some beautiful are durable. Conclusions: I. Some rare are durable. II. All rare being durable is a possibility. III. Some durable are rare.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All beautiful are rare" → beautiful DISTRIBUTED, rare UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some beautiful are durable" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some rare are durable" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All rare being durable is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some durable are rare" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 3

Statements: All ideas are models. Some ideas are principles. Conclusions: I. Some models are principles. II. All models being principles is a possibility. III. Some principles are models.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All ideas are models" → ideas DISTRIBUTED, models UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some ideas are principles" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some models are principles" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All models being principles is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some principles are models" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 4

Statements: All fish are invertebrates. Some fish are domestic. Conclusions: I. Some invertebrates are domestic. II. All invertebrates being domestic is a possibility. III. Some domestic are invertebrates.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All fish are invertebrates" → fish DISTRIBUTED, invertebrates UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some fish are domestic" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some invertebrates are domestic" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All invertebrates being domestic is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some domestic are invertebrates" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 5

Statements: All concepts are frameworks. Some concepts are systems. Conclusions: I. Some frameworks are systems. II. All frameworks being systems is a possibility. III. Some systems are frameworks.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All concepts are frameworks" → concepts DISTRIBUTED, frameworks UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some concepts are systems" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some frameworks are systems" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All frameworks being systems is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some systems are frameworks" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 6

Statements: All cold-blooded are nocturnal. Some cold-blooded are birds. Conclusions: I. Some nocturnal are birds. II. All nocturnal being birds is a possibility. III. Some birds are nocturnal.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All cold-blooded are nocturnal" → cold-blooded DISTRIBUTED, nocturnal UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some cold-blooded are birds" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some nocturnal are birds" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All nocturnal being birds is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some birds are nocturnal" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 7

Statements: All systems are processes. Some systems are strategies. Conclusions: I. Some processes are strategies. II. All processes being strategies is a possibility. III. Some strategies are processes.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All systems are processes" → systems DISTRIBUTED, processes UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some systems are strategies" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some processes are strategies" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All processes being strategies is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some strategies are processes" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 8

Statements: All scientists are writers. Some scientists are managers. Conclusions: I. Some writers are managers. II. All writers being managers is a possibility. III. Some managers are writers.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All scientists are writers" → scientists DISTRIBUTED, writers UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some scientists are managers" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some writers are managers" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All writers being managers is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some managers are writers" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 9

Statements: All methods are principles. Some methods are theories. Conclusions: I. Some principles are theories. II. All principles being theories is a possibility. III. Some theories are principles.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All methods are principles" → methods DISTRIBUTED, principles UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some methods are theories" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some principles are theories" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All principles being theories is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some theories are principles" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 10

Statements: All methods are processes. Some methods are strategies. Conclusions: I. Some processes are strategies. II. All processes being strategies is a possibility. III. Some strategies are processes.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All methods are processes" → methods DISTRIBUTED, processes UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some methods are strategies" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some processes are strategies" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All processes being strategies is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some strategies are processes" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 11

Statements: All sustainable are reliable. Some sustainable are versatile. Conclusions: I. Some reliable are versatile. II. All reliable being versatile is a possibility. III. Some versatile are reliable.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All sustainable are reliable" → sustainable DISTRIBUTED, reliable UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some sustainable are versatile" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some reliable are versatile" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All reliable being versatile is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some versatile are reliable" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 12

Statements: All wild are birds. Some wild are warm-blooded. Conclusions: I. Some birds are warm-blooded. II. All birds being warm-blooded is a possibility. III. Some warm-blooded are birds.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All wild are birds" → wild DISTRIBUTED, birds UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some wild are warm-blooded" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some birds are warm-blooded" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All birds being warm-blooded is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some warm-blooded are birds" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 13

Statements: All appliances are tools. Some appliances are equipment. Conclusions: I. Some tools are equipment. II. All tools being equipment is a possibility. III. Some equipment are tools.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All appliances are tools" → appliances DISTRIBUTED, tools UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some appliances are equipment" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some tools are equipment" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All tools being equipment is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some equipment are tools" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 14

Statements: All useful are versatile. Some useful are reliable. Conclusions: I. Some versatile are reliable. II. All versatile being reliable is a possibility. III. Some reliable are versatile.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All useful are versatile" → useful DISTRIBUTED, versatile UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some useful are reliable" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some versatile are reliable" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All versatile being reliable is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some reliable are versatile" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 15

Statements: All cold-blooded are invertebrates. Some cold-blooded are diurnal. Conclusions: I. Some invertebrates are diurnal. II. All invertebrates being diurnal is a possibility. III. Some diurnal are invertebrates.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All cold-blooded are invertebrates" → cold-blooded DISTRIBUTED, invertebrates UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some cold-blooded are diurnal" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some invertebrates are diurnal" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All invertebrates being diurnal is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some diurnal are invertebrates" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 16

Statements: All methods are principles. Some methods are frameworks. Conclusions: I. Some principles are frameworks. II. All principles being frameworks is a possibility. III. Some frameworks are principles.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All methods are principles" → methods DISTRIBUTED, principles UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some methods are frameworks" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some principles are frameworks" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All principles being frameworks is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some frameworks are principles" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 17

Statements: All herbivores are vertebrates. Some herbivores are wild. Conclusions: I. Some vertebrates are wild. II. All vertebrates being wild is a possibility. III. Some wild are vertebrates.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All herbivores are vertebrates" → herbivores DISTRIBUTED, vertebrates UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some herbivores are wild" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some vertebrates are wild" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All vertebrates being wild is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some wild are vertebrates" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 18

Statements: All versatile are accessible. Some versatile are beautiful. Conclusions: I. Some accessible are beautiful. II. All accessible being beautiful is a possibility. III. Some beautiful are accessible.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All versatile are accessible" → versatile DISTRIBUTED, accessible UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some versatile are beautiful" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some accessible are beautiful" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All accessible being beautiful is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some beautiful are accessible" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 19

Statements: All diurnal are fish. Some diurnal are amphibians. Conclusions: I. Some fish are amphibians. II. All fish being amphibians is a possibility. III. Some amphibians are fish.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All diurnal are fish" → diurnal DISTRIBUTED, fish UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some diurnal are amphibians" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some fish are amphibians" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All fish being amphibians is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some amphibians are fish" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Question 20

Statements: All wild are amphibians. Some wild are fish. Conclusions: I. Some amphibians are fish. II. All amphibians being fish is a possibility. III. Some fish are amphibians.

Distribution of Terms:
A term is DISTRIBUTED when statement makes claim about ALL members.
A term is UNDISTRIBUTED when statement refers to SOME members.

Statement Analysis:
Statement 1: "All wild are amphibians" → wild DISTRIBUTED, amphibians UNDISTRIBUTED
Statement 2: "Some wild are fish" → Both UNDISTRIBUTED

Logical Deduction:
Some B are C (I) + All B are A (A) = I + A = I
Result: Some C are A OR Some A are C

Checking Conclusions:
✓ Conclusion I: "Some amphibians are fish" - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion II: "All amphibians being fish is a possibility" - No negatives exist - FOLLOWS
✓ Conclusion III: "Some fish are amphibians" - Conversion of I - FOLLOWS

Answer: All conclusions I, II and III follow

Distribution of Terms: Worksheet 10 - Expert Practice Distribution of Terms EXPERT

What you'll learn in this worksheet: