Question 1
Statements:
All fish are carnivores.
All carnivores are mammals.
Conclusions:
I. All fish are mammals.
II. Some mammals are fish.
Venn Diagram Method:
Draw three circles for fish, carnivores, and mammals.
Step 1: "All fish are carnivores" → Circle of fish completely inside carnivores
Step 2: "All carnivores are mammals" → Circle of carnivores completely inside mammals
Step 3: Result: fish ⊂ carnivores ⊂ mammals
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All fish are carnivores (A) + All carnivores are mammals (A) = All fish are mammals (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All fish are mammals" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some mammals are fish" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow
Draw three circles for fish, carnivores, and mammals.
Step 1: "All fish are carnivores" → Circle of fish completely inside carnivores
Step 2: "All carnivores are mammals" → Circle of carnivores completely inside mammals
Step 3: Result: fish ⊂ carnivores ⊂ mammals
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All fish are carnivores (A) + All carnivores are mammals (A) = All fish are mammals (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All fish are mammals" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some mammals are fish" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow