Question 1
Statements:
All durable are sustainable.
All sustainable are rare.
Conclusions:
I. All durable are rare.
II. Some rare are durable.
Venn Diagram Method:
Draw three circles for durable, sustainable, and rare.
Step 1: "All durable are sustainable" → Circle of durable completely inside sustainable
Step 2: "All sustainable are rare" → Circle of sustainable completely inside rare
Step 3: Result: durable ⊂ sustainable ⊂ rare
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All durable are sustainable (A) + All sustainable are rare (A) = All durable are rare (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All durable are rare" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some rare are durable" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow
Draw three circles for durable, sustainable, and rare.
Step 1: "All durable are sustainable" → Circle of durable completely inside sustainable
Step 2: "All sustainable are rare" → Circle of sustainable completely inside rare
Step 3: Result: durable ⊂ sustainable ⊂ rare
Analytical Method (A + A = A):
All durable are sustainable (A) + All sustainable are rare (A) = All durable are rare (A)
Verification:
✓ Conclusion I: "All durable are rare" - FOLLOWS (direct rule application)
✓ Conclusion II: "Some rare are durable" - FOLLOWS (if all A are C, then some C are A)
Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow