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Statement & Inference - Intermediate Level: multi-step reasoning INTERMEDIATE

Master statement & inference concepts through this excellence pursuit practice set. Worksheet 16 of 30 contains 20 intermediate-level problems. Deep dive into multi-step reasoning while learning logical thinking, problem solving, practice tests. Recommended for mid-level learners aiming for moderate complexity with mixed patterns.

📝 Worksheet 16 of 30 • 20 questions • ⏱️ Estimated time: 20 minutes • 🎯 Intermediate level

What you'll learn in this worksheet:
Your progress through Statement & Inference
Worksheet 16 of 30 (53% complete)

Question 1

Statement: In a company of 500 employees, 300 work in sales, 200 in marketing, and 100 in both departments. 50 work in neither department. Which inference is correct?
Using set theory principles and mathematical logic, 'Both A and B are correct' can be inferred from the given data.
inference, statistical, sets

Question 2

Facts: The office coffee pot is empty at 10 AM. It was full at 9 AM. No one is currently in the break room. Three coffee cups with residue are in the sink. Which explanation is MOST plausible given these facts?
The most plausible explanation is: 'Someone drank all the coffee and didn't make more' because Directly explains empty pot and used cups. Abductive reasoning seeks the inference that best explains all observed facts with fewest assumptions.
inference, abductive, explanation, plausibility

Question 3

Facts: The front door is unlocked. The TV is on. A window is broken in the back. A laptop is missing from the desk. Dog is barking aggressively. Which explanation is MOST plausible given these facts?
The most plausible explanation is: 'A burglar broke in through the back window and stole the laptop' because Explains broken window, missing laptop, unlocked door (exit), and dog's reaction. Abductive reasoning seeks the inference that best explains all observed facts with fewest assumptions.
inference, abductive, explanation, plausibility

Question 4

Statement: A survey of 10,000 households found that 70% own smartphones, 50% own tablets, and 30% own both devices. Which inference is correct?
Using set theory principles and mathematical logic, 'All of the above are correct' can be inferred from the given data.
inference, statistical, sets

Question 5

Statement: In a company of 500 employees, 300 work in sales, 200 in marketing, and 100 in both departments. 50 work in neither department. Which inference is correct?
Using set theory principles and mathematical logic, 'Both A and B are correct' can be inferred from the given data.
inference, statistical, sets

Question 6

Statement: Airport delays: 15% of flights delayed in good weather, 45% in bad weather, 60% during peak hours. Tomorrow has bad weather forecast during peak travel time. What probabilistic inference is most valid?
Considering the probabilistic data and multiple variables, 'Multiple risk factors coincide' represents the most comprehensive inference.
inference, probabilistic, multi-variable

Question 7

Facts: The front door is unlocked. The TV is on. A window is broken in the back. A laptop is missing from the desk. Dog is barking aggressively. Which explanation is MOST plausible given these facts?
The most plausible explanation is: 'A burglar broke in through the back window and stole the laptop' because Explains broken window, missing laptop, unlocked door (exit), and dog's reaction. Abductive reasoning seeks the inference that best explains all observed facts with fewest assumptions.
inference, abductive, explanation, plausibility

Question 8

Statement: Airport delays: 15% of flights delayed in good weather, 45% in bad weather, 60% during peak hours. Tomorrow has bad weather forecast during peak travel time. What probabilistic inference is most valid?
Considering the probabilistic data and multiple variables, 'Multiple risk factors coincide' represents the most comprehensive inference.
inference, probabilistic, multi-variable

Question 9

Statement: Historical data shows: 80% of startups fail within 2 years. Companies with experienced founders have 60% success rate. Startups with funding have 70% survival rate. TechCorp is a funded startup with experienced founders. What probabilistic inference is most valid?
Considering the probabilistic data and multiple variables, 'Multiple positive factors favor TechCorp' represents the most comprehensive inference.
inference, probabilistic, multi-variable

Question 10

Statement: The project was scheduled for completion in March. Due to delays, it was extended to June. Additional complications arose in May, requiring another 3-month extension. What temporal inference can be made?
Examining the chronological data, 'All inferences are reasonable' represents the most accurate temporal inference.
inference, temporal, trends

Question 11

Statement: Route A: 50 km, 1 hour, $10 toll. Route B: 60 km, 45 minutes, $15 toll. Route C: 40 km, 1.5 hours, no toll. What can be inferred from this comparison?
Analyzing the comparative data, 'Each route has trade-offs' captures the key insight from the comparison.
inference, comparative, analysis

Question 12

Facts: The office coffee pot is empty at 10 AM. It was full at 9 AM. No one is currently in the break room. Three coffee cups with residue are in the sink. Which explanation is MOST plausible given these facts?
The most plausible explanation is: 'Someone drank all the coffee and didn't make more' because Directly explains empty pot and used cups. Abductive reasoning seeks the inference that best explains all observed facts with fewest assumptions.
inference, abductive, explanation, plausibility

Question 13

Statement: A survey of 500 adults found that 60% prefer coffee over tea, 25% prefer tea, and 15% drink neither. The survey had a margin of error of ±4%. Inference: 'In the entire population, between 56% and 64% prefer coffee' Is this inference valid based on the statement?
Yes — This correctly applies the margin of error to the sample statistic
inference, overreach, validity, evidence

Question 14

Statement: After the city installed speed cameras, traffic accidents decreased by 30% in one year. The city budget was $50M, of which $2M went to camera installation. Inference: 'No other factors contributed to the accident decrease' Does this inference go beyond what the statement supports?
Yes — Other factors (better roads, safer cars) could also play a role
inference, overreach, validity, evidence

Question 15

Statement: After the city installed speed cameras, traffic accidents decreased by 30% in one year. The city budget was $50M, of which $2M went to camera installation. Inference: 'The speed cameras were worth the investment' Does this inference go beyond what the statement supports?
Yes — Would need cost-benefit analysis including value of prevented accidents
inference, overreach, validity, evidence

Question 16

Statement: Route A: 50 km, 1 hour, $10 toll. Route B: 60 km, 45 minutes, $15 toll. Route C: 40 km, 1.5 hours, no toll. What can be inferred from this comparison?
Analyzing the comparative data, 'Each route has trade-offs' captures the key insight from the comparison.
inference, comparative, analysis

Question 17

Statement: A survey of 500 adults found that 60% prefer coffee over tea, 25% prefer tea, and 15% drink neither. The survey had a margin of error of ±4%. Inference: 'Young adults prefer coffee more than older adults' Does this inference go beyond what the statement supports?
Yes — The survey didn't measure age breakdowns
inference, overreach, validity, evidence

Question 18

Statement: In a double-blind study of 1000 patients, Treatment X reduced symptoms in 80% compared to 30% for placebo (p < 0.001). Side effects occurred in 5% of patients. Inference: 'Treatment X will work for everyone with the condition' Does this inference go beyond what the statement supports?
Yes — 20% didn't respond; individual results vary
inference, overreach, validity, evidence

Question 19

Statement: Medical study: Out of 1000 patients, 600 recovered with Treatment A, 500 with Treatment B, 300 with both treatments, and 100 with neither. Which inference is correct?
Using set theory principles and mathematical logic, 'All inferences are valid' can be inferred from the given data.
inference, statistical, sets

Question 20

Statement: In a company of 500 employees, 300 work in sales, 200 in marketing, and 100 in both departments. 50 work in neither department. Which inference is correct?
Using set theory principles and mathematical logic, 'Both A and B are correct' can be inferred from the given data.
inference, statistical, sets
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