Question 1
Consider this syllogism:
Premise 1: All birds can fly.
Premise 2: Penguins are birds.
Therefore, penguins can fly.
Is this syllogism logically valid?
This is valid in form, but the premise 'All birds can fly' is false. Validity is about logical structure, not factual truth. Form: All A are B, C is A → C is B.