Number Properties

Number Properties Data Sufficiency problems test your ability to determine if given statements provide enough information about integer properties like divisibility, parity (even/odd), primality, and factors. You must assess sufficiency using number theory rules and logical deduction.

10Worksheets
200+Practice Questions
HardDifficulty
3-4 hoursHours to Master

Introduction to Number Properties

Number Properties Data Sufficiency problems test your ability to determine if given statements provide enough information about integer properties like divisibility, parity (even/odd), primality, and factors. You must assess sufficiency using number theory rules and logical deduction.

Prerequisites

Even/odd rules (odd + odd = even, etc.) Divisibility rules Prime numbers Factors and multiples Remainder concepts
Why This Matters: Number Properties appear in 2-3 questions in CAT and GMAT exams. They test number theory and sufficiency reasoning.

How to Solve Number Properties Problems

1

Step 1: Identify what is being asked (even/odd, prime, divisible, etc.)

2

Step 2: Translate each statement into number property conditions

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Step 3: Check if Statement (1) alone gives a unique answer

4

Step 4: Check if Statement (2) alone gives a unique answer

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Step 5: Combine statements if needed

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Step 6: Test counterexamples to check sufficiency

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Step 7: Select the appropriate DS answer choice

Pro Strategy: For divisibility by a composite number (like 6), need divisibility by all its prime factors (2 and 3). Each prime factor condition alone is insufficient.

Example Problem

Example: Is integer n divisible by 6? Statement (1): n is divisible by 2. Statement (2): n is divisible by 3. Solution: Step 1: Question asks if divisible by 6 Step 2: Statement (1): n divisible by 2 → could be 2,4,6,8,... not all divisible by 6 → NOT sufficient alone Step 3: Statement (2): n divisible by 3 → could be 3,6,9,12,... not all divisible by 6 → NOT sufficient alone Step 4: Together: n divisible by both 2 and 3 → divisible by LCM(2,3)=6 → SUFFICIENT together Answer: Both statements together are sufficient

Pro Tips & Tricks

  • Even/Odd: sum of two evens = even, odd+odd=even, even+odd=odd
  • Product of any number with even = even
  • For divisibility by 6: need divisibility by both 2 and 3
  • For divisibility by 4: need last two digits divisible by 4
  • Prime numbers > 2 are odd
  • Remainder when divided by n: possible remainders are 0 to n-1

Shortcut Methods to Solve Faster

Even + Even = Even, Odd + Odd = Even, Even + Odd = Odd
Even × Any = Even
Divisible by 6 → divisible by 2 and 3
Divisible by 12 → divisible by 3 and 4
If a number is divisible by both a and b, it is divisible by LCM(a,b)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Assuming a number is prime just because it's odd (9,15,21 are odd but composite)
Thinking all numbers divisible by 2 and 4 are divisible by 8 (4 is not enough)
Confusing 'divisible by' with 'is a factor of'
Forgetting that 0 is divisible by any non-zero integer

Exam Importance

Number Properties is an important topic for various competitive exams. Here's how frequently it appears:

CAT
2-3 questions
GMAT
2-3 questions
BANKING PO
1-2 questions
SSC CGL
1-2 questions
INSURANCE
1-2 questions

Ready to Master Number Properties?

Start with Worksheet 1 and work your way up to expert level! Each worksheet includes:

20 practice questions
Detailed solutions
Step-by-step explanations
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